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Your kana guide

Hiragana and katakana represent sounds. Use this quick reference while you learn the characters.

Two scripts, familiar sounds

Hiragana appears in words like ねこ (cat). Katakana appears in words like ペン (pen). The sound hints below are a starting point; the stories themselves use kana.

Basic kana and voiced sounds
Sound hintHiraganaKatakana
a i u e oあ い う え おア イ ウ エ オ
ka ki ku ke koか き く け こカ キ ク ケ コ
sa shi su se soさ し す せ そサ シ ス セ ソ
ta chi tsu te toた ち つ て とタ チ ツ テ ト
na ni nu ne noな に ぬ ね のナ ニ ヌ ネ ノ
ha hi fu he hoは ひ ふ へ ほハ ヒ フ ヘ ホ
ma mi mu me moま み む め もマ ミ ム メ モ
ya yu yoや ゆ よヤ ユ ヨ
ra ri ru re roら り る れ ろラ リ ル レ ロ
wa wo nわ を んワ ヲ ン
ga gi gu ge goが ぎ ぐ げ ごガ ギ グ ゲ ゴ
za ji zu ze zoざ じ ず ぜ ぞザ ジ ズ ゼ ゾ
da ji zu de doだ ぢ づ で どダ ヂ ヅ デ ド
ba bi bu be boば び ぶ べ ぼバ ビ ブ ベ ボ
pa pi pu pe poぱ ぴ ぷ ぺ ぽパ ピ プ ペ ポ

Small marks matter

  • Small ゃ, ゅ, ょ: combine with the preceding sound. きゃ / キャ is “kya,” しゅ / シュ is “shu,” and ちょ / チョ is “cho.” For example, しゃしん means photograph.
  • Small っ / ッ: briefly hold before the next consonant, as in きって (stamp). It is different from full-size つ.
  • Long sounds: hold the vowel for an extra beat. The mark ー does this in katakana, as in コーヒー (coffee). In hiragana an extra vowel can do the same, as in おかあさん (mother).
  • Particles: は sounds like “wa” when marking a topic, へ sounds like “e” when marking a direction, and を sounds like “o.”
  • Sentence marks: 。 ends a sentence, 、 is a comma, and 「 」 surround speech.
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