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N4

Everyday Honorific and Humble Verbs

About 10 minutes · written and reviewed by Haruki Yamamoto

Section 1 of 3

High-frequency honorific verbs

Honorific verbs raise the other person or the person being talked about. At N4, focus on the most common high-frequency forms rather than the whole keigo system.

  1. Target signal

    先生はもういらっしゃいました。

    The teacher has already arrived.

    Notice how Everyday Honorific and Humble Verbs shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    いました
    there was; there were (living things)
    いま
    now
    した
    did
  2. Compare in context

    社長は何とおっしゃいましたか。

    What did the company president say?

    Notice how Everyday Honorific and Humble Verbs shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    いました
    there was; there were (living things)
    いま
    now
    した
    did
  3. Compare in context

    どうぞこちらをご覧ください。

    Please look over here.

    ご覧ください is a common honorific request.

    Vocabulary notes
    ください
    please give; please do
    こちら
    this way; here
    どうぞ
    please; by all means

Section 2 of 3

High-frequency humble verbs

Humble verbs lower the speaker or the speaker’s side. They are common in customer service, phone calls, and workplace situations.

  1. Target signal

    私は明日うかがいます。

    I will visit tomorrow.

    Notice how Everyday Honorific and Humble Verbs shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    います
    there is; exists (animate)
    いま
    now
    ます
    polite verb ending
  2. Preview

    山田と申します。

    My name is Yamada.

    Notice how Everyday Honorific and Humble Verbs shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    します
    do
    しま
    stripe; striped pattern
    ます
    polite verb ending
  3. Preview

    お茶をいただきます。

    I will have the tea.

    Notice how Everyday Honorific and Humble Verbs shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    いた
    was there
    お茶おちゃ
    tea
    ただ
    however; simply; merely

Section 3 of 3

Reading everyday polite interactions

In service counters and workplace notes, keigo often appears in fixed phrases. If you can identify a few key verbs, the whole sentence becomes much easier to follow.

  1. Target signal

    部長はただ今席を外しております。

    The department head is away from their desk at the moment.

    Notice how Everyday Honorific and Humble Verbs shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    して
    doing and
    ただ
    however; simply; merely
    ます
    polite verb ending
  2. Preview

    少々お待ちください。担当者が参ります。

    Please wait a moment. The person in charge will come.

    Notice how Everyday Honorific and Humble Verbs shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    ください
    please give; please do
    ます
    polite verb ending
    担当たんとう
    person in charge
  3. Preview

    資料を拝見してから、ご連絡いたします。

    I will look over the materials and then contact you.

    Notice how Everyday Honorific and Humble Verbs shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    てから〜てから
    after doing ...
    します
    do
    いた
    was there

Reading in context

Read for meaning before checking the answer

Before you read

Read once for the situation. Then notice how Everyday Honorific and Humble Verbs changes the meaning before you check the translation.

先生はもういらっしゃいました。 社長は何とおっしゃいましたか。 どうぞこちらをご覧ください。 私は明日うかがいます。 山田と申します。 お茶をいただきます。 部長はただ今席を外しております。 少々お待ちください。担当者が参ります。 資料を拝見してから、ご連絡いたします。

Show English translation

The teacher has already arrived. What did the company president say? Please look over here. I will visit tomorrow. My name is Yamada. I will have the tea. The department head is away from their desk at the moment. Please wait a moment. The person in charge will come. I will look over the materials and then contact you.

Contextual questions

Answer from the passage before you reveal each explanation.

  1. What is the first reading job for this passage?

    • Identify the situation and how Everyday Honorific and Humble Verbs changes it.
    • Translate every word before using context.
    • Ignore the ending because only vocabulary matters.
    • Choose an answer before reading the full passage.
    Check the answer

    Identify the situation and how Everyday Honorific and Humble Verbs changes it.

    The goal is to use the situation first, then confirm the role of Everyday Honorific and Humble Verbs in context.

Guided practice

Apply the lesson in a few different ways

Work through each prompt, then check the explanation before moving on.

Activity 1 of 4Choose the best context

Which verb is honorific?

Activity 2 of 4Fill the blank

Complete the chunk that carries the lesson meaning (Everyday Honorific and Humble Verbs).

先生はもういらっしゃ___。

Activity 3 of 4Put it in order

Put these related examples back into the order used in the lesson.

  1. 1社長は何とおっしゃいましたか。
  2. 2どうぞこちらをご覧ください。
  3. 3先生はもういらっしゃいました。
Activity 4 of 4Infer from the passage

What should guide your interpretation of Everyday Honorific and Humble Verbs in the mini-reading?

Mastery check 1/4

Which verb is honorific?