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N5

Hiragana II: さ to と

About 10 minutes · written and reviewed by Haruki Yamamoto

Section 1 of 3

The さ row

The さ row looks simple at first, but し is one of the first kana that does not match a one-letter romaji expectation. Train your eye and ear together: さ, し, す, せ, そ.

  1. Target signal

    さ し す せ そ

    sa shi su se so

    This is the さ row.

    Vocabulary notes
    the hiragana character sa
  2. Compare in context

    すし

    sushi

    This common word is a good first check for す and し together.

    Vocabulary notes
    すし
    sushi
  3. Compare in context

    そと

    outside

    Read the word as one sound unit rather than two separate letters.

    Vocabulary notes
    そと
    outside
    and; with; that

Section 2 of 3

The た row

The た row adds two important shapes: ち and つ. They are high-frequency kana, so it is worth slowing down now and making them automatic early.

  1. Target signal

    た ち つ て と

    ta chi tsu te to

    This is the た row; ち and つ need extra attention.

    Vocabulary notes
    and; with; that
  2. Preview

    あした

    tomorrow

    This is one of the most useful beginner time words, and it contains し.

    Vocabulary notes
    あした
    tomorrow
    した
    did
    ah; oh
  3. Preview

    くつ

    shoes

    This short word is useful for making つ feel normal in real reading.

    Vocabulary notes
    くつ
    shoes

Section 3 of 3

Spot し, ち, and つ quickly

The fastest way to improve is to see the tricky kana often in real words. Read the sound block first, then the whole word, and only then think about English.

  1. Target signal

    ちず

    map

    This word checks whether ち is becoming automatic for you.

    Vocabulary notes
    ちず
    map
  2. Preview

    つき

    moon

    This word is useful because つ appears at the start of the word.

    Vocabulary notes
    つき
    moon
  3. Preview

    した

    below; under

    This word gives you one more quick reading pattern with し and た.

    Vocabulary notes
    した
    did

Reading in context

Read for meaning before checking the answer

Before you read

Read once for the situation. Then notice how Hiragana II: さ to と changes the meaning before you check the translation.

さ し す せ そ すし そと た ち つ て と あした くつ ちず つき した もう一度読みましょう。もう一度読みましょう。もう一度読みましょう。もう一度読

Show English translation

sa shi su se so sushi outside ta chi tsu te to tomorrow shoes map moon below; under

Contextual questions

Answer from the passage before you reveal each explanation.

  1. What is the first reading job for this passage?

    • Identify the situation and how Hiragana II: さ to と changes it.
    • Translate every word before using context.
    • Ignore the ending because only vocabulary matters.
    • Choose an answer before reading the full passage.
    Check the answer

    Identify the situation and how Hiragana II: さ to と changes it.

    The goal is to use the situation first, then confirm the role of Hiragana II: さ to と in context.

Guided practice

Apply the lesson in a few different ways

Work through each prompt, then check the explanation before moving on.

Activity 1 of 4Choose the best context

Which hiragana is read as tsu?

Activity 2 of 4Fill the blank

Complete the chunk that carries the lesson meaning (Hiragana II: さ to と).

___ し す せ そ

Activity 3 of 4Put it in order

Put these related examples back into the order used in the lesson.

  1. 1すし
  2. 2そと
  3. 3さ し す せ そ
Activity 4 of 4Infer from the passage

What should guide your interpretation of Hiragana II: さ to と in the mini-reading?

Mastery check 1/4

Which hiragana is read as tsu?