Lesson article
Spot the signal, compare it, then read it in context
Read all 4 sections in order. Notice the target form, compare it with the nearby alternative, then use the reading and practice below to check the meaning in context.
Section 1 of 4
Build the volitional from verb type
Form the volitional for ichidan, godan, and irregular verbs.
Start with the example
→
eat → let’s eat / I will eat
For ichidan verbs, replace with .
Notice the variation
→
go → let’s go / I will go
For godan verbs, the final sound shifts before .
More detail: how to apply this
The volitional can propose joint action or express the speaker’s intention.
For ichidan verbs, replace with : →.
For godan verbs, change the final u-row kana to the o-row and add : →.
The irregular verbs are → and →().
Explain it another way
Try a different way of looking at the same idea.
Use the surrounding sentence to decide whether volition invites someone else or expresses a personal intention.
frames that volition as a thought or plan. It is not automatically an invitation for the listener to join.
。
This year, I think I will read Japanese every day.
Use the surrounding sentence to decide whether volition invites someone else or expresses a personal intention.
Showing Try this approach: Everyday words.
Target signal
→
eat → let’s eat / I will eat
For ichidan verbs, replace with .
Vocabulary notes
- 食べる
- to eat
- 食べよう
- let us eat; shall eat
Compare in context
→
go → let’s go / I will go
For godan verbs, the final sound shifts before .
Vocabulary notes
- 行く
- to go
Compare in context
→
read → let’s read / I will read
becomes , with the sound shifting to .
Vocabulary notes
- 読む
- to read
Section 2 of 4
Invitations and shared plans
Invitations and shared plans
Start with the example
。
Let’s eat lunch together.
The invitation is friendly and direct.
Notice the variation
。
Let’s go to the library during break.
invites the listener to go together.
More detail: how to apply this
In conversation, the volitional often invites someone into an action: let’s go, let’s eat, let’s rest.
The subject is often omitted because the shared action is clear.
Explain it another way
Try a different way of looking at the same idea.
Let’s eat lunch together.
The invitation is friendly and direct.
。
Let’s eat lunch together.
Return to the Japanese and locate the words supporting this meaning: Let’s eat lunch together.
Showing Invitations and shared plans: Everyday words.
Target signal
。
Let’s eat lunch together.
The invitation is friendly and direct.
Vocabulary notes
- 一緒に
- together
- 昼ご飯
- lunch
- 食べよう
- let us eat; shall eat
Preview
。
Let’s go to the library during break.
invites the listener to go together.
Vocabulary notes
- 休み時間
- break time; recess
- 図書館
- library
Preview
。
Let’s rest here for a little.
is the volitional form of .
Vocabulary notes
- ここで
- here; at this place
Section 3 of 4
Personal resolutions and thoughts
Use the surrounding sentence to decide whether volition invites someone else or expresses a personal intention.
Personal resolutions and thoughts
。
Step 1 of 3 · Notice the clue
sets a goal of daily reading this year. It does not report a completed year of reading.
Step 1: Notice the clue
More detail: the reading method
The same form can also show a personal decision: “I’ll do it.” In writing, it often appears before or inside quoted thoughts.
Explain it another way
Try a different way of looking at the same idea.
This year, I think I will read Japanese every day.
reports a personal resolution.
。
This year, I think I will read Japanese every day.
Return to the Japanese and locate the words supporting this meaning: This year, I think I will read Japanese every day.
Showing Personal resolutions and thoughts: Everyday words.
More examples
Target signal
。
This year, I think I will read Japanese every day.
reports a personal resolution.
Vocabulary notes
- 日本語
- Japanese language
Preview
。
I’ll make a memo so I do not forget.
shows a decision made by the speaker.
Vocabulary notes
- ように
- so that; in order to
Preview
、。
It is difficult, but let’s keep doing our best until the end.
can encourage oneself or a group.
Vocabulary notes
- 難しい
- difficult
- けれど
- but; although
- まで
- until; up to
Section 4 of 4
Compare the meaning
Use the contrast to make a decision. Choose an answer before opening the explanation.
Example A
Example B
Your turn · decide before revealing
How do these two examples change the meaning?
More detail: what changes and why
Compare and .
marks volition for ;
marks past.
Explain it another way
Try a different way of looking at the same idea.
Same words, two possible interpretations. Which has evidence?
marks volition for ; marks past.
How do these two examples change the meaning?
Supported meaning: Let's eat/I'll eat / ate
Use the sentence to choose between these interpretations; do not add information that is only in an answer choice.
Showing Compare the meaning: Everyday words.