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N5

Going, Coming, and Returning

About 8 minutes · written and reviewed by Haruki Yamamoto

Section 1 of 3

Core movement verbs

行く means “go,” 来る means “come,” and 帰る means “return.” Read the destination first, then decide whether the movement is away from the speaker, toward the speaker, or back to a home base.

  1. Target signal

    七時に学校へ行きます。

    I go to school at seven.

    行く shows movement away from the speaker or the reference point.

    Vocabulary notes
    行きますいきます
    go
    ます
    polite verb ending
    七時しちじ
    seven o’clock
  2. Compare in context

    友だちは九時にうちへ来ます。

    My friend comes to my house at nine.

    来る shows movement toward the speaker’s side.

    Vocabulary notes
    友だちともだち
    friend
    来ますきます
    come (polite)
    うち
    home; our place
  3. Compare in context

    六時にうちへ帰ります。

    I return home at six.

    帰る is used for returning to home or another base place.

    Vocabulary notes
    うち
    home; our place
    ます
    polite verb ending
    六時ろくじ
    6 o'clock

Section 2 of 3

Point of view and destination

The same place can take 行く or 来る depending on the speaker’s point of view. Ask yourself where the “home base” is in the sentence, and the verb choice becomes easier.

  1. Target signal

    あした先生が教室に来ます。

    The teacher is coming to the classroom tomorrow.

    The classroom is the point of reference here, so 来ます fits naturally.

    Vocabulary notes
    あした
    tomorrow
    来ますきます
    come (polite)
    した
    did
  2. Preview

    土曜日に店へ行きます。

    I go to the shop on Saturday.

    The speaker is going somewhere else, so 行きます is the natural choice.

    Vocabulary notes
    行きますいきます
    go
    土曜日どようび
    Saturday
    ます
    polite verb ending
  3. Preview

    仕事のあとでうちへ帰ります。

    I go home after work.

    仕事のあと often pairs naturally with 帰る.

    Vocabulary notes
    あとで
    later; afterward
    あと
    after; later
    うち
    home; our place

Section 3 of 3

Reading in short exchanges

In short dialogue, the destination is sometimes omitted because everyone already knows it. Look at the speaker’s side and the final verb to understand the movement quickly.

  1. Target signal

    A: 田中さんは来ますか。 B: はい、来ます。

    A: Is Tanaka coming? B: Yes, he is.

    The short answer repeats the movement verb.

    Vocabulary notes
    田中さんたなかさん
    Tanaka
    来ますきます
    come (polite)
    さん
    Mr.; Ms.; polite name suffix
  2. Preview

    A: 今日は学校へ行きますか。 B: いいえ、うちへ帰ります。

    A: Are you going to school today? B: No, I am going home.

    The reply changes the destination and switches to 帰る.

    Vocabulary notes
    行きますいきます
    go
    いいえ
    no
    いい
    good; nice; okay
  3. Preview

    友だちは図書館へ行って、わたしはうちへ帰ります。

    My friend goes to the library, and I go home.

    Two different movement verbs can appear in one sentence when the speakers move to different places.

    Vocabulary notes
    わたし
    I; me
    友だちともだち
    friend
    図書館としょかん
    library

Reading in context

Read for meaning before checking the answer

Before you read

Read once for the situation. Then notice how Going, Coming, and Returning changes the meaning before you check the translation.

七時に学校へ行きます。 友だちは九時にうちへ来ます。 六時にうちへ帰ります。 あした先生が教室に来ます。 土曜日に店へ行きます。 仕事のあとでうちへ帰ります。

Show English translation

I go to school at seven. My friend comes to my house at nine. I return home at six. The teacher is coming to the classroom tomorrow. I go to the shop on Saturday. I go home after work. A: Is Tanaka coming? B: Yes, he is. A: Are you going to school today? B: No, I am going home. My friend goes to the library, and I go home.

Contextual questions

Answer from the passage before you reveal each explanation.

  1. What is the first reading job for this passage?

    • Identify the situation and how Going, Coming, and Returning changes it.
    • Translate every word before using context.
    • Ignore the ending because only vocabulary matters.
    • Choose an answer before reading the full passage.
    Check the answer

    Identify the situation and how Going, Coming, and Returning changes it.

    The goal is to use the situation first, then confirm the role of Going, Coming, and Returning in context.

Guided practice

Apply the lesson in a few different ways

Work through each prompt, then check the explanation before moving on.

Activity 1 of 4Choose the best context

Choose the best Japanese for 'My friend comes to my house at nine.'

Activity 2 of 4Fill the blank

Complete the chunk that carries the lesson meaning (Going, Coming, and Returning).

七時に学校へ___。

Activity 3 of 4Put it in order

Put these related examples back into the order used in the lesson.

  1. 1友だちは九時にうちへ来ます。
  2. 2六時にうちへ帰ります。
  3. 3七時に学校へ行きます。
Activity 4 of 4Infer from the passage

What should guide your interpretation of Going, Coming, and Returning in the mini-reading?

Mastery check 1/4

Choose the best Japanese for 'My friend comes to my house at nine.'