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N5

na-Adjectives

About 8 minutes · written and reviewed by Haruki Yamamoto

Section 1 of 3

What na-Adjectives Do

Na-adjectives act like descriptive words, but they need な when they come before a noun. At the end of a sentence, they behave like noun-style predicates with です.

  1. Target signal

    この まちは しずかです。

    This town is quiet.

    Notice how na-Adjectives shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    しずか
    quiet
    この
    this
    です
    to be (polite); is; am; are
  2. Compare in context

    きれいな へやです。

    It is a clean room.

    Notice how na-Adjectives shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    きれいな
    clean; pretty (before a noun)
    きれい
    pretty; neat
    です
    to be (polite); is; am; are
  3. Compare in context

    ゆうめいな レストランです。

    It is a famous restaurant.

    Notice how na-Adjectives shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    ゆうめいな
    famous (before a noun)
    レストラン
    restaurant
    です
    to be (polite); is; am; are

Section 2 of 3

Using な Correctly

Before a noun, add な. At the end of a sentence, do not add な. This contrast is one of the most important early differences between i-adjectives and na-adjectives.

  1. Target signal

    べんりな アプリです。

    It is a convenient app.

    Notice how na-Adjectives shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    べんりな
    convenient (before a noun)
    アプリ
    app; application
    です
    to be (polite); is; am; are
  2. Preview

    この こうえんは にぎやかです。

    This park is lively.

    Notice how na-Adjectives shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    こうえん
    park
    にぎやか
    lively; bustling
    こう
    like this; this way
  3. Preview

    あの 人は しんせつです。

    That person is kind.

    Notice how na-Adjectives shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    しんせつ
    kind; helpful
    あの
    that; that over there
    です
    to be (polite); is; am; are

Section 3 of 3

Reading in Context

Many high-frequency descriptive words are na-adjectives. In simple reading passages, they often describe towns, people, classrooms, shops, and schedules.

  1. Target signal

    わたしの クラスは にぎやかで、先生は しんせつです。

    My class is lively, and the teacher is kind.

    Notice how na-Adjectives shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    しんせつ
    kind; helpful
    にぎやか
    lively; bustling
    クラス
    class
  2. Preview

    駅の 近くに べんりな スーパーが あります。

    There is a convenient supermarket near the station.

    Notice how na-Adjectives shapes the meaning of this sentence in context.

    Vocabulary notes
    あります
    there is; there are
    スーパー
    supermarket
    べんりな
    convenient (before a noun)

Reading in context

Read for meaning before checking the answer

Before you read

Read once for the situation. Then notice how na-Adjectives changes the meaning before you check the translation.

この まちは しずかです。 きれいな へやです。 ゆうめいな レストランです。 べんりな アプリです。 この こうえんは にぎやかです。 あの 人は しんせつで

Show English translation

This town is quiet. It is a clean room. It is a famous restaurant. It is a convenient app. This park is lively. That person is kind. My class is lively, and the teacher is kind. There is a convenient supermarket near the station.

Contextual questions

Answer from the passage before you reveal each explanation.

  1. What is the first reading job for this passage?

    • Identify the situation and how na-Adjectives changes it.
    • Translate every word before using context.
    • Ignore the ending because only vocabulary matters.
    • Choose an answer before reading the full passage.
    Check the answer

    Identify the situation and how na-Adjectives changes it.

    The goal is to use the situation first, then confirm the role of na-Adjectives in context.

Guided practice

Apply the lesson in a few different ways

Work through each prompt, then check the explanation before moving on.

Activity 1 of 4Choose the best context

Which phrase is correct?

Activity 2 of 4Fill the blank

Complete the chunk that carries the lesson meaning (na-Adjectives).

この まちは ___です。

Activity 3 of 4Put it in order

Put these related examples back into the order used in the lesson.

  1. 1きれいな へやです。
  2. 2ゆうめいな レストランです。
  3. 3この まちは しずかです。
Activity 4 of 4Infer from the passage

What should guide your interpretation of na-Adjectives in the mini-reading?

Mastery check 1/4

Which phrase is correct?