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N5

Maybe and Probably: かもしれない / でしょう

About 9 minutes · written and reviewed by Haruki Yamamoto

Section 1 of 3

かもしれない: maybe or might

かもしれない expresses a possibility when the speaker is not sure. The content before it usually appears in plain form. The polite version is かもしれません.

  1. Target signal

    田中さんはもう帰ったかもしれない。

    Tanaka might have already gone home.

    The speaker is guessing but is not certain.

    Vocabulary notes
    かもしれない〜かもしれない
    might; may; perhaps
    かもしれない
    might; maybe
    田中さんたなかさん
    Tanaka
  2. Compare in context

    明日は寒いかもしれません。

    It might be cold tomorrow.

    かもしれません is the polite form.

    Vocabulary notes
    ません
    polite negative verb ending
    かも
    might; maybe
    もし
    if
  3. Compare in context

    この店は休みかもしれない。

    This shop might be closed today.

    The speaker leaves room for uncertainty.

    Vocabulary notes
    かもしれない〜かもしれない
    might; may; perhaps
    かもしれない
    might; maybe
    かも
    might; maybe

Section 2 of 3

でしょう: probably or I suppose

でしょう often expresses a likely guess, a prediction, or a softened conclusion. It usually feels more confident than かもしれない, especially when paired with たぶん.

  1. Target signal

    会議は三時に始まるでしょう。

    The meeting will probably start at three.

    The speaker presents this as a likely prediction.

    Vocabulary notes
    でしょう
    probably; I suppose
    始まるはじまる
    to begin
    三時さんじ
    three o'clock
  2. Preview

    今日はたぶん忙しいでしょう。

    It will probably be busy today.

    たぶん and でしょう often work together.

    Vocabulary notes
    でしょう
    probably; I suppose
    たぶん
    probably
    忙しいいそがしい
    busy
  3. Preview

    バスはもうすぐ来るでしょう。

    The bus will probably come soon.

    This is a prediction about what will likely happen soon.

    Vocabulary notes
    でしょう
    probably; I suppose
    もうすぐ
    soon
    すぐ
    right away; immediately

Section 3 of 3

Read the speaker’s confidence level

Do not translate both patterns as the same English word every time. かもしれない is weaker and more uncertain. でしょう usually shows a stronger guess or a likely conclusion.

  1. Target signal

    雨かもしれない。

    It might rain.

    This is a cautious, weaker possibility.

    Vocabulary notes
    かもしれない〜かもしれない
    might; may; perhaps
    かもしれない
    might; maybe
    かも
    might; maybe
  2. Preview

    雨でしょう。

    It will probably rain.

    This sounds more confident than 雨かもしれない.

    Vocabulary notes
    でしょう
    probably; I suppose
    at; in; by; with
    あめ
    rain
  3. Preview

    先生は図書館にいるでしょう。

    The teacher is probably in the library.

    The speaker makes a likely conclusion about where the teacher is.

    Vocabulary notes
    でしょう
    probably; I suppose
    図書館としょかん
    library
    いる
    to exist; to be

Reading in context

Read for meaning before checking the answer

Before you read

Read once for the situation. Then notice how Maybe and Probably: かもしれない / でしょう changes the meaning before you check the translation.

田中さんはもう帰ったかもしれない。 明日は寒いかもしれません。 この店は休みかもしれない。 会議は三時に始まるでしょう。 今日はたぶん忙しいでしょう。 バスはも

Show English translation

Tanaka might have already gone home. It might be cold tomorrow. This shop might be closed today. The meeting will probably start at three. It will probably be busy today. The bus will probably come soon. It might rain. It will probably rain. The teacher is probably in the library.

Contextual questions

Answer from the passage before you reveal each explanation.

  1. What is the first reading job for this passage?

    • Identify the situation and how Maybe and Probably: かもしれない / でしょう changes it.
    • Translate every word before using context.
    • Ignore the ending because only vocabulary matters.
    • Choose an answer before reading the full passage.
    Check the answer

    Identify the situation and how Maybe and Probably: かもしれない / でしょう changes it.

    The goal is to use the situation first, then confirm the role of Maybe and Probably: かもしれない / でしょう in context.

Guided practice

Apply the lesson in a few different ways

Work through each prompt, then check the explanation before moving on.

Activity 1 of 4Choose the best context

Which pattern is less certain?

Activity 2 of 4Fill the blank

Complete the chunk that carries the lesson meaning (Maybe and Probably: かもしれない / でしょう).

田中さんはもう帰った___。

Activity 3 of 4Put it in order

Put these related examples back into the order used in the lesson.

  1. 1明日は寒いかもしれません。
  2. 2この店は休みかもしれない。
  3. 3田中さんはもう帰ったかもしれない。
Activity 4 of 4Infer from the passage

What should guide your interpretation of Maybe and Probably: かもしれない / でしょう in the mini-reading?

Mastery check 1/4

Which pattern is less certain?