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N5

Do Not Have To: 〜なくてもいい

About 9 minutes · written and reviewed by Haruki Yamamoto

Section 1 of 3

Form and meaning

Use 〜なくてもいい to say that an action is not necessary. It means “do not have to” or “it is okay not to.”

  1. Target signal

    今日は学校へ行かなくてもいい。

    You do not have to go to school today.

    This means going is optional today.

    Vocabulary notes
    なくてもいい〜なくてもいい
    do not have to; it is okay not to
    てもいい〜てもいい
    may do ...; is it okay to ...?
    いい
    good; nice; okay
  2. Compare in context

    この質問は全部答えなくてもいい。

    You do not have to answer every question.

    The full pattern should be read together as one meaning chunk.

    Vocabulary notes
    なくてもいい〜なくてもいい
    do not have to; it is okay not to
    てもいい〜てもいい
    may do ...; is it okay to ...?
    いい
    good; nice; okay
  3. Compare in context

    明日早く来なくてもいい。

    You do not have to come early tomorrow.

    This can also talk about future plans or schedules.

    Vocabulary notes
    なくてもいい〜なくてもいい
    do not have to; it is okay not to
    てもいい〜てもいい
    may do ...; is it okay to ...?
    いい
    good; nice; okay

Section 2 of 3

Optional is not the same as forbidden

〜なくてもいい means something is optional. It does not mean the action is prohibited. That is why it is useful to compare it with prohibition patterns.

  1. Target signal

    今日は薬を飲まなくてもいい。

    You do not have to take the medicine today.

    There is no need to take the medicine today.

    Vocabulary notes
    なくてもいい〜なくてもいい
    do not have to; it is okay not to
    てもいい〜てもいい
    may do ...; is it okay to ...?
    いい
    good; nice; okay
  2. Preview

    ここでは靴をぬがなくてもいい。

    You do not have to take off your shoes here.

    The action is optional, not forbidden.

    Vocabulary notes
    なくてもいい〜なくてもいい
    do not have to; it is okay not to
    てもいい〜てもいい
    may do ...; is it okay to ...?
    ここで
    here; at this place
  3. Preview

    でも、ここでは食べてはいけない。

    But you must not eat here.

    This is different: it means the action is not allowed.

    Vocabulary notes
    てはいけない〜てはいけない
    must not; may not
    ここで
    here; at this place
    食べてたべて
    eat and...

Section 3 of 3

Read the whole pattern together

Do not translate the negative part by itself. Read 〜なくてもいい as one full pattern meaning “do not have to.”

  1. Target signal

    土曜日は早く起きなくてもいいから、うちで休む。

    Because I do not have to get up early on Saturday, I rest at home.

    The reason phrase explains why getting up early is unnecessary.

    Vocabulary notes
    なくてもいい〜なくてもいい
    do not have to; it is okay not to
    てもいい〜てもいい
    may do ...; is it okay to ...?
    土曜日どようび
    Saturday
  2. Preview

    名前はまだ書かなくてもいい。

    You do not have to write your name yet.

    まだ helps show that the action can wait.

    Vocabulary notes
    なくてもいい〜なくてもいい
    do not have to; it is okay not to
    てもいい〜てもいい
    may do ...; is it okay to ...?
    いい
    good; nice; okay
  3. Preview

    宿題は今日出さなくてもいいが、明日出してください。

    You do not have to hand in the homework today, but please submit it tomorrow.

    The first action is optional today, but the second instruction still gives a deadline.

    Vocabulary notes
    なくてもいい〜なくてもいい
    do not have to; it is okay not to
    てください〜てください
    please do ...
    てもいい〜てもいい
    may do ...; is it okay to ...?

Reading in context

Read for meaning before checking the answer

Before you read

Read once for the situation. Then notice how 〜なくてもいい changes the meaning before you check the translation.

今日は学校へ行かなくてもいい。 この質問は全部答えなくてもいい。 明日早く来なくてもいい。 今日は薬を飲まなくてもいい。 ここでは靴をぬがなくてもいい。 でも、

Show English translation

You do not have to go to school today. You do not have to answer every question. You do not have to come early tomorrow. You do not have to take the medicine today. You do not have to take off your shoes here. But you must not eat here. Because I do not have to get up early on Saturday, I rest at home. You do not have to write your name yet. You do not have to hand in the homework today, but please submit it tomorrow.

Contextual questions

Answer from the passage before you reveal each explanation.

  1. What is the first reading job for this passage?

    • Identify the situation and how 〜なくてもいい changes it.
    • Translate every word before using context.
    • Ignore the ending because only vocabulary matters.
    • Choose an answer before reading the full passage.
    Check the answer

    Identify the situation and how 〜なくてもいい changes it.

    The goal is to use the situation first, then confirm the role of 〜なくてもいい in context.

Guided practice

Apply the lesson in a few different ways

Work through each prompt, then check the explanation before moving on.

Activity 1 of 4Choose the best context

What does 早く起きなくてもいい mean?

Activity 2 of 4Fill the blank

Complete the chunk that carries the lesson meaning (〜なくてもいい).

今日は学校へ行か___。

Activity 3 of 4Put it in order

Put these related examples back into the order used in the lesson.

  1. 1この質問は全部答えなくてもいい。
  2. 2明日早く来なくてもいい。
  3. 3今日は学校へ行かなくてもいい。
Activity 4 of 4Infer from the passage

What should guide your interpretation of 〜なくてもいい in the mini-reading?

Mastery check 1/4

What does 早く起きなくてもいい mean?